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Engineering Management

The Pragmatic Engineer Blog

26 articles on EngBrief

The Pragmatic Engineer by Gergely Orosz covers the inner workings of Big Tech and high-growth startups. Articles dive into engineering management, system design, compensation, hiring practices, and industry trends — offering a behind-the-scenes look at how top engineering organizations operate.

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Latest Articles

The5d ago

The Pulse: a trend of trying to cut back on AI spend within eng departments?

Several tech companies, including OpenAI and Uber, are grappling with high AI spending and lack of clear return on investment (ROI). As a result, many organizations are reassessing their AI budgets and considering cost-cutting measures such as token limits and model routing. Engineers are now experimenting with cheaper models for simpler tasks, leading to an increase in AI efficiency-focused sessions and a new focus on cost savings. To mitigate high AI costs, some companies are introducing measures such as token limits, "dumb" model downgrades, and smart model routing based on use case and prompt. Engineers who contribute to cost savings may be rewarded with promotions and pay rises, making it essential to translate AI cost savings to revenue generation or cost reduction.

CareerIndustry
1 min
The5d ago

The Pulse: Antigravity 2.0 takes ‘IDE’ out of its new IDE

Google has released Antigravity 2.0, a major redesign of its AI IDE, which separates into two distinct applications: Antigravity IDE and a conversational interface similar to Codex's desktop app. However, the transition feels rushed, with confusing naming and lack of testing, leading to user frustration. The new Agent Manager concept and support for only certain models have been criticized, suggesting poor product quality and a lack of polish.

CareerIndustry
1 min
The23d ago

The Pulse: Forward deployed engineering heats up again

Google and other companies are intensifying their demand for forward deployed engineers (FDEs), who integrate AI systems into customers' services. Google Cloud is streamlining its FDE hiring process and hiring more FDEs for its new AI-focused organization, while OpenAI and Anthropic are outsourcing FDE hiring to separate companies. FDE roles are shifting from platform engineering to more client-focused, integrator-like positions.

CareerIndustry
1 min
The27d ago

Google Cloud deletes Australian trading fund’s infra

Google Cloud accidentally deleted UnivSuper's subscription, erasing all associated data, but the Australian retirement fund's backup on another service provider saved the day. This rare blunder occurred despite UnivSuper's replication setup across two Google Cloud regions, which was meant to preserve data in case of a regional failure. The incident is an embarrassing setback for Google Cloud, which took full blame and acknowledged UniSuper's foresight in maintaining an external backup.

CareerIndustry
1 min
TheMay 14, 2026

The Pulse: Did capacity shortages turn Anthropic hostile to devs?

Anthropic addressed capacity shortages by renting a data center from Elon Musk's SpaceX/xAI, doubling the compute limit for its Claude Pro subscribers, and removing usage restrictions on its AI model. This deal may benefit Anthropic's competitive position against rival OpenAI, which Musk is suing. Meanwhile, Anthropic's CEO has a history of publicly disagreeing with OpenAI, suggesting potential AI industry dynamics at play.

CareerIndustry
1 min
TheMay 12, 2026

TechPays has been acquired by Levels.fyi

Zsombor and author of The Pragmatic Engineer have sold TechPays, a leading tech salary site in Europe, to Levels.fyi. The acquisition aims to provide TechPays with the care and resources it needs, while also integrating European compensation data into Levels.fyi's global pay transparency platform. Levels.fyi will retain the existing TechPays data, ensuring developers can continue to access and utilize it for better compensation negotiation.

CareerIndustry
1 min
TheMay 7, 2026

The Pulse: AI load breaks GitHub – why not other vendors?

GitHub's reliability has significantly decreased, with multiple outages and data integrity issues in recent months. A data integrity incident occurred due to a bug that caused incorrect merge commits when using the squash merge method, impacting 2,092 pull requests and requiring customers to manually recover lost commits. GitHub's CTO attributed the reliability woes to a load spike from AI agent fuelled requests, which they are struggling to handle, despite a modest 3.5x load increase over two years.

CareerIndustry
1 min
TheApr 30, 2026

The Pulse: token spend breaks budgets – what next?

Large companies are struggling with the increasing cost of tokens, with one company seeing a 10x increase in token spend over six months. To address this issue, some companies are implementing limits on token spend or encouraging developers to use cheaper models such as Claude Sonnet. Others are exploring alternative solutions, such as pooled spend models, to manage costs. In mid-sized companies, some are taking a more proactive approach to managing AI spend by implementing model routing and measuring the impact of token usage on productivity and outcomes. For instance, a SaaS company reduced its costs by 30% by changing the default model, while a finance industry company is working to block expensive models and implement a pooled spend model to reduce costs.

CareerIndustry
1 min
TheApr 23, 2026

The Pulse: ‘Tokenmaxxing’ as a weird new trend

Meta and other tech companies like Microsoft and Salesforce created internal token leaderboards to track AI usage, resulting in a phenomenon called "tokenmaxxing" where employees excessively use tokens to climb the rankings. However, this approach led to massive waste, outages, and unnecessary spending, totaling $100M+ at Meta. After backlash, Meta abolished its leaderboard, while Microsoft and Salesforce continued to incentivize excessive token usage with metrics and targets. To avoid tokenmaxxing, Shopify took a different approach, promoting a more balanced use of AI tools, focusing on productivity and value added, rather than just token usage metrics. This allowed developers to use AI tools effectively, without inflating token counts for the sake of appearances.

CareerIndustry
1 min
TheApr 3, 2026

The Pulse: is GitHub still best for AI-native development?

GitHub's recent reliability issues, with an average of 3 days of issues per month, are impacting its ability to handle the increased load from AI agents generating code. The company's CTO attributed several outages to infrastructure overload, including a database cluster saturation incident and a Redis cluster configuration issue after a failover. A startup, Pierre Computer, has built an "AI-native" solution for AI agents pushing code, achieving sustained peaks of over 15,000 new repositories per minute, far exceeding GitHub's capabilities.

CareerIndustry
1 min
TheMar 27, 2026

Is the FDE role becoming less desirable?

Senior software engineers are increasingly less interested in FDE (Feature Delivery Engineer) roles due to their limited software engineering work and demands on the role as a "sales engineer" or "solutions consultant". Many developers who take FDE roles are disappointed to find the work does not align with their expectations, leading to high turnover rates. This trend suggests companies may struggle to fill FDE positions despite growing demand, making the role less desirable among developers.

CareerIndustry
1 min
TheMar 5, 2026

The Pulse: Cloudflare rewrites Next.js as AI rewrites commercial open source

An engineer at Cloudflare rewrote most of Vercel’s Next.js in one week with AI agents. It looks like a sign of how AI will disrupt existing moats and business...

CareerIndustry
1 min
TheJan 29, 2026

I replaced a $120/year micro-SaaS in 20 minutes with LLM-generated code

I used to pay $120/year for a SaaS that hasn’t added new features in four years, and didn’t fix its broken billing system for three years. Using an LLM, I...

CareerIndustry
1 min
TheJan 7, 2026

The grief when AI writes most of the code

When AI writes almost all code, what happens to software engineering? There is grief involved for us developers, that's for sure.

CareerIndustry
1 min
TheDec 18, 2025

The Pulse: Cloudflare’s latest outage proves dangers of global configuration changes (again)

Deja vu: a large Cloudflare outage caused by an instantly rolled-out global config change – two weeks after a similar problem

CareerIndustry
1 min
TheDec 13, 2025

The Pulse: Could a 5-day RTO be around the corner for Big Tech?

From next February, workers at Instagram must be in the office, five days a week. This makes Meta the second tech giant after Amazon to mandate a 5-day RTO....

CareerIndustry
1 min
TheDec 5, 2025

Downdetector and the real cost of no upstream dependencies

During the Cloudflare outage, Downdetector was also unavailable. I got details from the team about why they have a hard dependency on Cloudflare, and why that...

CareerIndustry
1 min
TheNov 21, 2025

A startup in Mongolia translated my book

A 30-person startup called Nasha Tech translated The Software Engineer's Guidebook for the benefit of their company and the Mongolian tech ecosystem.

CareerIndustry
1 min
TheNov 20, 2025

The Pulse: Cloudflare takes down half the internet – but shares a great postmortem

A database permissions change ended up knocking Cloudflare’s proxy offline. Pinpointing the root cause was tricky – but Cloudflare shared a detailed...

CareerIndustry
1 min
TheNov 11, 2025

Four years on writing a tech book: pitching to a publisher

In 2019, I decided to write a book about software engineering. As an experienced software engineer and manager, I had the topic clear in my head, and assumed...

CareerIndustry
1 min