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Distributed Systems

Meta Engineering Blog

40 articles on EngBrief

Engineering at Meta (formerly Facebook Engineering) covers how Meta builds products used by billions of people. Posts explore large-scale distributed systems, AI/ML research and production, mobile performance, data infrastructure, networking, and open source projects like React, PyTorch, and Llama.

Distributed SystemsAI/MLOpen SourceMobile PerformanceData Infrastructure
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Latest Articles

Engineering3d ago

ZGateway: Learnings from Putting a Proxy in Front of ZippyDB

We’re introducing ZGateway, the proxy we are using to unify traffic through ZippyDB, Meta’s most widely-used key value store. As a bonus, it also enables...

SocialScale
1 min
Engineering4d ago

An Organizational Second Brain: Building an AI That Learns From Experts

We’ve built an AI agent that acts as a secondary expert for a given domain, making deep specialist knowledge readily available and preserved for anyone in an...

SocialScale
1 min
Engineering13d ago

MetaRoCE: A New RDMA Transport Built for AI-Scale Ethernet

Training and serving frontier AI models depends on fast, reliable networks that move data between GPUs without wasting compute cycles. To meet this challenge...

SocialScale
1 min
Engineering13d ago

MTIA 300: Meta’s First Training Chip with Built-in NICs and Communication-Offloading Engines

MTIA 300 is the first of Meta’s family of in-house training and inference accelerators optimized for training ranking and recommendation models. We’re sharing...

SocialScale
1 min
Engineering25d ago

How We’re Building Scam Alert on WhatsApp With End-to-End Encryption and Verifiability Guarantees

Meta's WhatsApp implements Scam Alert, a user-controlled, optional feature using on-device machine learning to flag potential scam messages. The feature processes all data on-device, with no automatic reporting to WhatsApp or Meta, ensuring end-to-end encryption and user privacy. Scam Alert is trained on scam conversation patterns from user reports and uses differential privacy to anonymize and minimize data shared with WhatsApp. The feature's design adheres to core principles, including on-device only processing, no automatic reporting, and user control. Message content remains private, and telemetry is processed through a confidential computing environment to provide aggregate and anonymous counts to WhatsApp. The machine learning model is publicly published and verifiable, and users can trust or block chats to refine the feature's accuracy.

SocialScale
1 min
EngineeringAug 5, 2026

From User Sequences to Scaling Laws: A Multi-Stage Architecture for Meta’s Ads Ranking

Here's a 2-3 sentence summary of the engineering blog post: Meta's Ads Recommendation Model has achieved a cumulative lift of 6% in conversions on Instagram, 3% in conversions on Facebook, and 3.5% in ad clicks on Facebook by introducing a multi-stage sequence model that decouples offline user modeling from online ranking tasks. The multi-stage model uses a transformer-based sequence model and a learning technique based on dense tokenization and target-aware attention to efficiently learn feature interactions directly from data. The architecture enables predictable scaling laws for ads recommendations, improving performance without proportional increases in serving resources, and provides a flexible production strategy for generalizing sequence learning models.

SocialScale
1 min
EngineeringAug 3, 2026

GEM Training: How Meta Doubled the Efficiency of Its LLM-Scale Ads Foundation Model

Meta's generative ads recommendation model (GEM) achieved a 20-25% model FLOPs utilization (MFU) with a 4x increase in training FLOPs over 12 months. To achieve this, the engineering team co-designed kernels, precision, parallelism, networking, and memory to optimize compute and scaling efficiency. This involved developing a customized recommendation kernel library, Jagged Flash Attention (JFA), and mixed ultra-low precision training recipes optimized for recommendation workloads on the latest GPU architecture.

SocialScale
1 min
EngineeringJul 15, 2026

Exploring Hierarchical Interest Representation For Meta Ads Deep Funnel Optimization

Here is a 2-3 sentence summary of the blog post: Meta Ads is exploring Hierarchical Interest Representation, a research area that learns universal, relational knowledge representations of users and ads entities to improve deep funnel ranking optimization. This approach integrates real-world knowledge, engagement signals, and multi-modal content features to capture users' inferred interests and advertiser offerings, enabling generalization to rare and unseen entities. Through a transformer-based graph learning model, Hierarchical Interest Representation aims to improve deep funnel ads performance by connecting businesses with the population of people who carry genuine, latent interest in what they offer.

SocialScale
1 min
EngineeringJul 13, 2026

Modernizing the Meta Ads Service With an Open-Source Kernel Scheduler

To address latency regressions and optimize ads retrieval performance, Meta's Ads and Linux Kernel teams collaborated to implement a customized scheduling policy using the open-source, BPF-based extensible scheduling framework, sched_ext. This resulted in a 28% reduction in ads retrieval stage tail latency and 3.28 MW power savings. By utilizing sched_ext, Meta was able to decouple scheduler optimizations from upstream Linux kernel releases, enabling continuous improvement and reduced experimentation costs.

SocialScale
1 min
EngineeringJul 1, 2026

Meta’s AI Storage Blueprint at Scale

Meta rearchitected their BLOB storage to support modern AI workloads. Key changes include a unified metadata schema for O(1) path-to-storage-address lookups and eliminating the dataplane proxy to optimize power efficiency and throughput. This revamped architecture maximizes GPU utilization by reducing access latency to milliseconds.

SocialScale
1 min
EngineeringJun 30, 2026

10 Years of Meta’s Commitment to Python

Meta has been a sponsor of the Python Software Foundation for 10 consecutive years, recognizing the vital role Python plays in their engineering stack and its global community. This commitment has helped fund impactful initiatives like the Developer-in-Residence program and Python Package Index (PyPI) security enhancements, ensuring Python's long-term sustainability. By supporting the PSF, Meta aims to help Python remain robust, innovative, and accessible for future generations of engineers.

SocialScale
1 min
EngineeringJun 25, 2026

Privacy-Aware Infrastructure in the AI-Native Era: An Asset Classification Case Study

Meta's asset classification system addresses noisy and probabilistic inputs in privacy-aware infrastructure (PAI) by applying a hybrid approach that combines machine learning models (LLMs) with deterministic rules. The system builds a rich context before classifying assets, using LLMs to handle ambiguity and novel signals, while human-reviewed labels ensure accountability and oversight. This approach enables PAI to reason under ambiguity while producing explanations and reproduceable results. By applying a decoupled evaluation loop and a deterministic-first pattern, the system improves accuracy and reliability. It defines a stable classification contract, builds a context mesh, and routes decisions through a funnel that prioritizes deterministic rules over LLM-generated recommendations. This hybrid approach shrinks the LLM's role in production over time, enabling low-latency, replayable, and auditable enforcement.

SocialScale
1 min
EngineeringJun 23, 2026

How Meta Engineered Ultra-Narrow Batteries for AI Glasses

Meta engineers developed ultra-narrow steel-can batteries for its smart glasses, such as the Ray-Ban Meta and Oakley Meta Vanguards, by rethinking the battery design. They replaced traditional "jelly roll" electrode architecture with die-cut stacked layers, achieving lower impedance and increased energy density. The resulting batteries enabled longer runtime and enabled the addition of features like cameras, speakers, and AI workloads in a compact form factor.

SocialScale
1 min
EngineeringJun 22, 2026

Adopting AV1 for Real-Time Communication (RTC) at Scale

Meta adopted AV1 for real-time communication (RTC) in 2023 to deliver superior call quality, reducing bandwidth usage by at least 20% compared to H.264/AVC. AV1's improved compression efficiency, enabled by features like palette mode and intra-block copy, enhances video quality for screen content. To address the challenges of adopting AV1, Meta implemented a low-complexity encoder that balances quality and power consumption, allowing the AV1 codec to be shipped on a broader range of devices.

SocialScale
1 min
EngineeringJun 3, 2026

Lights Out, Systems On: Validating Instant Power Loss Readiness

Meta's engineering team developed Instantaneous PowerLoss Storm, a testing paradigm to validate readiness for instant power loss in data centers. To build readiness, they integrated power loss tolerance into their DC stack using defense-in-depth strategies, such as in-memory data persistence and asynchronous signaling mechanisms. Validation involved a controlled power supply fault injection and remedial actions to ensure seamless region de-energization. Key tradeoffs were made to balance reliability and velocity of growth, including prioritizing critical infrastructure impacts and tolerating transient service errors. Validation exercises, including de-energizing production regions, successfully trained infrastructure and engineers to handle region-level failures.

SocialScale
1 min
EngineeringMay 26, 2026

SilverTorch: Index as Model — A New Retrieval Paradigm for Recommendation Systems

Here's a 3-sentence summary of the SilverTorch engineering blog post: SilverTorch, a unified model-based system, improves recommendation quality and efficiency by integrating all retrieval components into a single neural network architecture called Index as Model. This design boosts throughput up to 23.7x and compute cost efficiency up to 20.9x compared to traditional multi-service approaches, while maintaining sub-100 millisecond latency. By expressing different microservices as model modules within a single neural network, SilverTorch enables joint optimization of filtering, search, and scoring operations, improving the quality of recommendations for platforms serving millions of users.

SocialScale
1 min
EngineeringMay 13, 2026

Reel Friends: Building Social Discovery that Scales to Billions

Engineers on the Facebook Reels team developed the Friend Bubbles feature, which highlights friends' Reels interactions, using a machine learning model that evolved over time. The feature requires complex engineering work to balance behaviors between iOS and Android users, who have distinct interaction patterns. Ultimately, the team discovered a key factor that enabled the feature to function seamlessly, underscoring the importance of nuanced understanding in engineering seemingly simple features.

SocialScale
1 min
EngineeringMay 12, 2026

Migrating Data Ingestion Systems at Meta Scale

Meta revamped its data ingestion system to enhance reliability at scale. The new architecture shifted from customer-owned pipelines to a self-managed data warehouse service, improving efficiency and scalability. To achieve a successful migration, Meta established a clear migration job lifecycle, verified jobs for correctness, and implemented robust rollout and rollback controls to handle issues during the transition.

SocialScale
1 min
EngineeringMay 11, 2026

Labyrinth 1.1: Making End-to-End Encrypted Backups Even More Reliable

Labyrinth 1.1 improves the reliability of end-to-end encrypted backups in Messenger by allowing messages to reach the encrypted backup in real-time, rather than waiting for the device to come back online. This is achieved through a new sub-protocol that ensures messages survive device loss, changes, and extended sign-in gaps. The update enhances the security and integrity of encrypted message history, making it more accessible to users across devices.

SocialScale
1 min
EngineeringMay 1, 2026

How Meta Is Strengthening End-to-End Encrypted Backups

Meta has strengthened its end-to-end encrypted backup system by implementing over-the-air fleet key distribution for Messenger, enabling clients to verify the authenticity of HSM public keys and ensuring secure data storage. This is complemented by the publication of evidence on fleet deployments, providing transparency and proof of secure operations. The system, utilizing tamper-resistant hardware security modules (HSMs), ensures that users' backups remain inaccessible to Meta and third-party providers.

SocialScale
1 min