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Distributed Systems

Meta Engineering Blog

33 articles on EngBrief

Engineering at Meta (formerly Facebook Engineering) covers how Meta builds products used by billions of people. Posts explore large-scale distributed systems, AI/ML research and production, mobile performance, data infrastructure, networking, and open source projects like React, PyTorch, and Llama.

Distributed SystemsAI/MLOpen SourceMobile PerformanceData Infrastructure
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Latest Articles

Engineering8d ago

Exploring Hierarchical Interest Representation For Meta Ads Deep Funnel Optimization

Here is a 2-3 sentence summary of the blog post: Meta Ads is exploring Hierarchical Interest Representation, a research area that learns universal, relational knowledge representations of users and ads entities to improve deep funnel ranking optimization. This approach integrates real-world knowledge, engagement signals, and multi-modal content features to capture users' inferred interests and advertiser offerings, enabling generalization to rare and unseen entities. Through a transformer-based graph learning model, Hierarchical Interest Representation aims to improve deep funnel ads performance by connecting businesses with the population of people who carry genuine, latent interest in what they offer.

SocialScale
1 min
Engineering10d ago

Modernizing the Meta Ads Service With an Open-Source Kernel Scheduler

To address latency regressions and optimize ads retrieval performance, Meta's Ads and Linux Kernel teams collaborated to implement a customized scheduling policy using the open-source, BPF-based extensible scheduling framework, sched_ext. This resulted in a 28% reduction in ads retrieval stage tail latency and 3.28 MW power savings. By utilizing sched_ext, Meta was able to decouple scheduler optimizations from upstream Linux kernel releases, enabling continuous improvement and reduced experimentation costs.

SocialScale
1 min
Engineering22d ago

Meta’s AI Storage Blueprint at Scale

Meta rearchitected their BLOB storage to support modern AI workloads. Key changes include a unified metadata schema for O(1) path-to-storage-address lookups and eliminating the dataplane proxy to optimize power efficiency and throughput. This revamped architecture maximizes GPU utilization by reducing access latency to milliseconds.

SocialScale
1 min
Engineering23d ago

10 Years of Meta’s Commitment to Python

Meta has been a sponsor of the Python Software Foundation for 10 consecutive years, recognizing the vital role Python plays in their engineering stack and its global community. This commitment has helped fund impactful initiatives like the Developer-in-Residence program and Python Package Index (PyPI) security enhancements, ensuring Python's long-term sustainability. By supporting the PSF, Meta aims to help Python remain robust, innovative, and accessible for future generations of engineers.

SocialScale
1 min
Engineering28d ago

Privacy-Aware Infrastructure in the AI-Native Era: An Asset Classification Case Study

Meta's asset classification system addresses noisy and probabilistic inputs in privacy-aware infrastructure (PAI) by applying a hybrid approach that combines machine learning models (LLMs) with deterministic rules. The system builds a rich context before classifying assets, using LLMs to handle ambiguity and novel signals, while human-reviewed labels ensure accountability and oversight. This approach enables PAI to reason under ambiguity while producing explanations and reproduceable results. By applying a decoupled evaluation loop and a deterministic-first pattern, the system improves accuracy and reliability. It defines a stable classification contract, builds a context mesh, and routes decisions through a funnel that prioritizes deterministic rules over LLM-generated recommendations. This hybrid approach shrinks the LLM's role in production over time, enabling low-latency, replayable, and auditable enforcement.

SocialScale
1 min
EngineeringJun 23, 2026

How Meta Engineered Ultra-Narrow Batteries for AI Glasses

Meta engineers developed ultra-narrow steel-can batteries for its smart glasses, such as the Ray-Ban Meta and Oakley Meta Vanguards, by rethinking the battery design. They replaced traditional "jelly roll" electrode architecture with die-cut stacked layers, achieving lower impedance and increased energy density. The resulting batteries enabled longer runtime and enabled the addition of features like cameras, speakers, and AI workloads in a compact form factor.

SocialScale
1 min
EngineeringJun 22, 2026

Adopting AV1 for Real-Time Communication (RTC) at Scale

Meta adopted AV1 for real-time communication (RTC) in 2023 to deliver superior call quality, reducing bandwidth usage by at least 20% compared to H.264/AVC. AV1's improved compression efficiency, enabled by features like palette mode and intra-block copy, enhances video quality for screen content. To address the challenges of adopting AV1, Meta implemented a low-complexity encoder that balances quality and power consumption, allowing the AV1 codec to be shipped on a broader range of devices.

SocialScale
1 min
EngineeringJun 3, 2026

Lights Out, Systems On: Validating Instant Power Loss Readiness

Meta's engineering team developed Instantaneous PowerLoss Storm, a testing paradigm to validate readiness for instant power loss in data centers. To build readiness, they integrated power loss tolerance into their DC stack using defense-in-depth strategies, such as in-memory data persistence and asynchronous signaling mechanisms. Validation involved a controlled power supply fault injection and remedial actions to ensure seamless region de-energization. Key tradeoffs were made to balance reliability and velocity of growth, including prioritizing critical infrastructure impacts and tolerating transient service errors. Validation exercises, including de-energizing production regions, successfully trained infrastructure and engineers to handle region-level failures.

SocialScale
1 min
EngineeringMay 26, 2026

SilverTorch: Index as Model — A New Retrieval Paradigm for Recommendation Systems

Here's a 3-sentence summary of the SilverTorch engineering blog post: SilverTorch, a unified model-based system, improves recommendation quality and efficiency by integrating all retrieval components into a single neural network architecture called Index as Model. This design boosts throughput up to 23.7x and compute cost efficiency up to 20.9x compared to traditional multi-service approaches, while maintaining sub-100 millisecond latency. By expressing different microservices as model modules within a single neural network, SilverTorch enables joint optimization of filtering, search, and scoring operations, improving the quality of recommendations for platforms serving millions of users.

SocialScale
1 min
EngineeringMay 13, 2026

Reel Friends: Building Social Discovery that Scales to Billions

Engineers on the Facebook Reels team developed the Friend Bubbles feature, which highlights friends' Reels interactions, using a machine learning model that evolved over time. The feature requires complex engineering work to balance behaviors between iOS and Android users, who have distinct interaction patterns. Ultimately, the team discovered a key factor that enabled the feature to function seamlessly, underscoring the importance of nuanced understanding in engineering seemingly simple features.

SocialScale
1 min
EngineeringMay 12, 2026

Migrating Data Ingestion Systems at Meta Scale

Meta revamped its data ingestion system to enhance reliability at scale. The new architecture shifted from customer-owned pipelines to a self-managed data warehouse service, improving efficiency and scalability. To achieve a successful migration, Meta established a clear migration job lifecycle, verified jobs for correctness, and implemented robust rollout and rollback controls to handle issues during the transition.

SocialScale
1 min
EngineeringMay 11, 2026

Labyrinth 1.1: Making End-to-End Encrypted Backups Even More Reliable

Labyrinth 1.1 improves the reliability of end-to-end encrypted backups in Messenger by allowing messages to reach the encrypted backup in real-time, rather than waiting for the device to come back online. This is achieved through a new sub-protocol that ensures messages survive device loss, changes, and extended sign-in gaps. The update enhances the security and integrity of encrypted message history, making it more accessible to users across devices.

SocialScale
1 min
EngineeringMay 1, 2026

How Meta Is Strengthening End-to-End Encrypted Backups

Meta has strengthened its end-to-end encrypted backup system by implementing over-the-air fleet key distribution for Messenger, enabling clients to verify the authenticity of HSM public keys and ensuring secure data storage. This is complemented by the publication of evidence on fleet deployments, providing transparency and proof of secure operations. The system, utilizing tamper-resistant hardware security modules (HSMs), ensures that users' backups remain inaccessible to Meta and third-party providers.

SocialScale
1 min
EngineeringApr 21, 2026

Modernizing the Facebook Groups Search to Unlock the Power of Community Knowledge

Meta engineers modernized the Facebook Groups Search to improve content discovery, consumption, and validation by adopting a hybrid retrieval architecture and automated model-based evaluation. The new framework combines the precision of inverted indices with the conceptual understanding of dense vector representations, yielding tangible improvements in search engagement and relevance. This modernization addresses the major friction points people experience when searching community content, enabling users to more reliably discover and validate community knowledge.

SocialScale
1 min
EngineeringApr 16, 2026

Capacity Efficiency at Meta: How Unified AI Agents Optimize Performance at Hyperscale

Meta's Capacity Efficiency Program utilizes a unified AI agent platform to automate optimization of performance issues in their infrastructure, freeing up engineers' time to innovate on new products. The platform encodes domain expertise of senior engineers into reusable skills, reducing power consumption by hundreds of megawatts and compressing hours-long manual regression investigations into minutes. By combining standardized tool interfaces with encoded domain expertise, AI agents can automate both finding and fixing performance issues, enabling the program to scale without proportionally increasing headcount.

SocialScale
1 min
EngineeringApr 16, 2026

Post-Quantum Cryptography Migration at Meta: Framework, Lessons, and Takeaways

Here's a 2-3 sentence summary of the post on Post-Quantum Cryptography Migration at Meta: Meta has adopted a comprehensive post-quantum cryptography (PQC) migration strategy to protect against quantum attackers and safeguard sensitive information, aligning with industry standards and guidelines from NIST and NCSC. The strategy involves PQC Migration Levels, categorizing organizations from PQ-Aware to PQ-Enabled, to help teams assess and prepare for post-quantum cryptography. By implementing this approach, Meta aims to share practical guidance and accelerate the broader community's transition to a post-quantum future, minimizing risks and costs associated with quantum threats.

SocialScale
1 min
EngineeringApr 9, 2026

Escaping the Fork: How Meta Modernized WebRTC Across 50+ Use Cases

Here's a 3-sentence summary of the article: Meta's engineering team overcame the "forking trap" by modernizing WebRTC across 50+ use cases using a dual-stack architecture that enables safe A/B testing. They achieved this by building a shim layer that exposes a unified, version-agnostic API, allowing them to dispatch between legacy and latest WebRTC implementations at runtime. The solution involved automated renamespacing, bulk namespace imports, and template-based helper libraries to ensure backward compatibility, reducing binary size and symbol collisions, and allowing for continuous upgrade cycles of the library.

SocialScale
1 min
EngineeringApr 8, 2026

Trust But Canary: Configuration Safety at Scale

Meta's Configuration team uses "trust but canary" approach to ensure safe rollouts at scale, leveraging canarying and progressive rollouts to detect regressions early. Health checks and monitoring signals help catch issues before they impact users, while incident reviews focus on improving systems rather than assigning blame. Additionally, data and AI/machine learning tools reduce alert noise and speed up troubleshooting.

SocialScale
1 min
EngineeringApr 6, 2026

How Meta Used AI to Map Tribal Knowledge in Large-Scale Data Pipelines

Meta engineers developed an AI-powered system to map tribal knowledge in their large-scale data pipelines, which span four repositories and over 4,100 files. They created a pre-compute engine with 50+ AI agents that systematically read every file and generated 59 concise context files, resulting in AI agents having structured navigation guides for 100% of their code modules. This led to a 40% reduction in AI agent tool calls per task and improved quality, with scores increasing from 3.65 to 4.20 out of 5.0.

SocialScale
1 min
EngineeringApr 2, 2026

KernelEvolve: How Meta’s Ranking Engineer Agent Optimizes AI Infrastructure

Here's a concise summary of the article in 2-3 sentences: KernelEvolve is an agentic kernel authoring system developed by Meta to optimize low-level hardware kernels for heterogeneous AI accelerators. It automatically generates and optimizes production-grade kernels for various hardware platforms, including NVIDIA GPUs, AMD GPUs, Meta's custom MTIA silicon chips, and CPUs, improving inference throughput by 60% and training throughput by 25%. KernelEvolve treats kernel optimization as a search problem, exploring hundreds of alternative kernel implementations to identify a solution that often matches or exceeds human expert performance.

SocialScale
1 min