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Spotify Engineering Blog

13 articles on EngBrief

Spotify Engineering explores how the music streaming giant builds personalized experiences for hundreds of millions of users. Articles cover recommendation systems, audio processing, backend infrastructure, data pipelines, and the engineering culture behind one of the world's most-used apps.

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Latest Articles

Spotify3d ago

Content Ingestion & Podcast Video Incident Report

Spotify's content ingestion and podcast video incident involved a June 24 publishing delay caused by transcoding infrastructure reaching maximum capacity, a backlog forming, and a software bug underutilizing available resources. The incident was exacerbated by a scheduled batch processing job and recent improvements increasing transcoding costs. To resolve the issue, Spotify stopped the batch job, deployed a fix for the resource scheduling bug, and added additional processing capacity overnight. Following the incident, Spotify increased transcoding capacity by 67%, fixed the resource scheduling bug, and improved monitoring to alert earlier to capacity approaching limits. The company is also investing in broader improvements to podcast publishing pipeline reliability, including better capacity planning, prioritization, and rate limiting mechanisms.

MusicScale
1 min
Spotify9d ago

How Spotify Deployed Kong's AI Gateway to Power Generative AI at Scale

Spotify built an AI Gateway using Kong's AI Gateway to power generative AI at scale and unified AI adoption across the company. The AI Gateway provides a shared infrastructure for AI workloads, solving issues with authentication, rate limiting, cost tracking, and failure over. It enables teams to talk to large language models (LLMs) behind a single API, providing centralized observability and consistent error handling. The AI Gateway uses Kong's enterprise version, which is self-hosted and provides features like hybrid mode for deployment, declarative configuration for GitOps workflows, and a plugin ecosystem for extensibility. The plugin chain includes multi-provider routing, AI metrics, and end-to-end tracing for observability. As a result, over 1,000 internal services and individuals have been onboarded, and the AI Gateway has become the shared foundation for the company's AI-transformation strategy, enabling "supercharging product innovation" and "reimagining business operations" with AI.

MusicScale
1 min
SpotifyJun 10, 2026

Encoding Your Domain Expert: The Context Layer Behind Spotify's Data Assistant

Spotify's data assistant, Vedder, addresses the problem of scalable data insights by introducing a context layer that captures the nuances of the data domain. This layer, composed of clusters owned by domain experts, includes datasets with full schema and profiling, vetted question-and-SQL pairs, and business context. By having domain experts curate and approve the examples that influence the assistant's behavior, Spotify ensures the accuracy and trustworthiness of the generated insights. The cluster model consists of three components: datasets, pairs, and docs, which capture the relevant data, teach the model about the domain, and provide additional business context. To ensure the examples are accurate and trustworthy, only 12.5% of proposed pairs were accepted during the curation phase, highlighting the importance of human judgment and expert review. This approach enables the assistant to scale while maintaining reliability and trustworthiness in its recommendations. The system continuously monitors cluster health, reflecting changes in data and context, allowing data experts to focus their c

MusicScale
1 min
SpotifyJun 3, 2026

Coding Is No Longer the Constraint: Scaling Developer Experience to Teams and Agents at Spotify

Spotify's adoption of AI coding tools has led to a 99% adoption rate among engineers, with 94% reporting increased productivity and a 76% increase in pull request frequency. The introduction of Honk, a background coding agent, has allowed for complex code modifications and reduced the time required for migrations from weeks to just three days. By standardizing on a focused set of technologies and using tools like Backstage, Spotify's agents can collaborate effectively and provide accurate results, highlighting the importance of developer experience for agents as well.

MusicScale
1 min
SpotifyMay 18, 2026

Better Experiments with LLM Evals — A funnel, not a fork

Spotify's engineers use Large Language Model (LLM) evals to assess the quality and relevance of content at scale, improving the hit rate of experiments and creating a feedback loop that refines both evals and experiments over time. LLM evals belong in an evaluation funnel, not as a replacement for experiments, to verify if the content change intended does what it's supposed to, before testing if it drives the desired business outcomes. Traditional metrics focus on verification, while evals also generate hypotheses for improvement. However, the evals' limitations include not accounting for secondary metrics like session length or crash rates, requiring offline-evaluation for calibration against online outcomes to avoid miscalibration.

MusicScale
1 min
SpotifyMay 1, 2026

Building a Natural Language Interface to the Spotify Ads API with Claude Code Plugins

Spotify Engineering developed a Claude Code plugin to provide a natural language interface to the Spotify Ads API. The plugin translates user requests into full Spotify Ads API campaign structures using Markdown files, a bash script, and Python helpers. This allows users to describe campaign requirements in plain English, reducing the cognitive distance between intent and execution.

MusicScale
1 min
SpotifyApr 22, 2026

Background Coding Agents: Supercharging Downstream Consumer Dataset Migrations (Honk, Part 4)

Here's a 2-3 sentence summary of the blog post: Spotify's data team used background coding agents (Honk) to automate the migration of 1,800 downstream data pipelines to new dataset versions, saving an estimated 10 engineering weeks. To simplify the process, the team leveraged Spotify's Backstage and Fleet Management platforms to identify target repositories and orchestrate the migration, while fine-tuning the prompt to provide Honk with the necessary context. The successful rollout of 240 automated migration PRs highlighted the importance of standardizing their data landscape and enforcing testing requirements for agents like Honk to excel in large-scale migrations.

MusicScale
1 min
SpotifyApr 6, 2026

Let’s Talk Agentic Development: Spotify x Anthropic Live

Spotify and Anthropic collaborated on a live fireside chat to discuss agentic-first development and its implications on software development at scale. Key highlights include Spotify's background coding agent, Honk, which uses Anthropic's Claude to perform complex software migrations across thousands of repositories. The conversation also touched on context management, accountability, and the need for agents to take on the full software lifecycle, including maintenance and deletion. Spotify's experience with Honk shows that agents can significantly change the way developers work, with some even @mentioning agents on Slack to solve problems. Anthropic's David Soria Parra notes that the shift to agentic-first development has been profound, with people transitioning from using Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) to terminals. Anthropic's Christian Ryan emphasizes the importance of standardizing ecosystems and orchestrating Claude across thousands of repositories, suggesting that having a simple, reproducible setup is key to giving agents the right context at enterprise scale.

MusicScale
1 min
SpotifyMar 12, 2026

Inside the Archive: The Tech Behind Your 2025 Wrapped Highlights

What if we could identify interesting listening moments from your year, and tell you a story about them? The post Inside the Archive: The Tech Behind Your 2025...

MusicScale
1 min
SpotifyFeb 19, 2026

Our Multi-Agent Architecture for Smarter Advertising

When we kicked this off, we weren’t trying to ship an “AI feature.” We were trying to fix a structural... The post Our Multi-Agent Architecture for Smarter...

MusicScale
1 min
SpotifyFeb 9, 2026

How We Release the Spotify App: A Look Under the Hood (Part 2)

In Part 2, we will peek under the hood at the tooling that makes the Spotify release process possible. The post How We Release the Spotify App: A Look Under...

MusicScale
1 min
SpotifyJan 22, 2026

Congratulations to the recipients of the 2025 Spotify FOSS Fund

TL;DR Established in 2022 as a way to help support the great open source ecosystem projects that Spotify... The post Congratulations to the recipients of the...

MusicScale
1 min
SpotifyJan 7, 2026

Why We Use Separate Tech Stacks for Personalization and Experimentation

The technical and practical rationale for a clear separation between these domains. The post Why We Use Separate Tech Stacks for Personalization and...

MusicScale
1 min